Communications system

In telecommunication, a communications system is a collection of individual communications networks, transmission systems, relay stations, tributary stations, and data terminal equipment (DTE) usually capable of interconnection and interoperation to form an integrated whole.The components of a communications system serve a common purpose, are technically compatible, use common procedures, respond to controls, and operate in unison. Telecommunications is a method of communication (e.g., for sports broadcasting, mass media, journalism, etc.)

Cover Flow on the iPhone.

The layout of the music library differs from previous iPods, with the sections divided more clearly alphabetically, and with a larger font. Similar to previous iPods, the iPhone can sort its media library by songs, artists, albums, videos, playlists, genres, composers, podcasts, audiobooks, and compilations. Cover Flow, like that on iTunes, shows the different album covers in a scroll-through photo library. Scrolling is achieved by swiping a finger across the screen.Like the fifth generation iPods introduced in 2005, the iPhone can play video, allowing users to watch TV shows and films. Unlike other image-related content, video on the iPhone plays only in the landscape orientation, when the phone is turned sideways. Double tapping switches between wide-screen and full-screen video playback.The iPhone allows users to purchase and download songs from the iTunes Store directly to their iPhone over Wi-Fi with the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store, but not over the cellular data network.

The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) has gradually evolved towards digital telephony which has improved the capacity and quality of the network. End-to-end analog telephone networks were first modified in the early 1960s by upgrading transmission networks with T1 carrier systems. Later technologies such as SONET and fiber optic transmission methods further advanced digital transmission. Although analog carrier systems existed, digital transmission made it possible to significantly increase the number of channels multiplexed on a single transmission medium. While today the end instrument remains analog, the analog signals reaching the aggregation point (Serving Area Interface (SAI) or the central office (CO) ) are typically converted to digital signals. Digital loop carriers (DLC) are often used, placing the digital network ever closer to the customer premises, relegating the analog local loop to legacy status.

The history of additional inventions and improvements include the carbon microphone (later replaced by the electret microphone now used in almost all telephone transmitters), the manual switchboard, the rotary dial, the automatic telephone exchange, the computerized telephone exchange, Touch Tone(R) dialing (DTMF), the digitization of sound using different coding techniques including pulse code modulation or PCM (which is commonly used for .WAV files and on compact disks). Newer systems include ISDN, DSL, cell phone systems, digital cell phone systems, and the third generation cell phone systems that promise to allow high-speed packet data transfer.

Business Phone Systems
Buyer's Guide

A business phone system is one of the most important purchases your office can make. The telephone is often the easiest way to reach your customers, clients, and partners. It should also be the easiest way for them to reach you. You do not want your important business calls into your office to be routed incorrectly, disconnected, or faced with a bewildering array of automated options.

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There are many factors to consider when buying a business telephone system. For example, you need to get enough capacity for your current needs while planning for growth. A small business phone system will have fewer bells and whistles, but should still provide the core set of features you need.

You will want to ensure compatibility with other equipment you already own or may need such as voicemail, messaging on-hold, headsets, or conferencing equipment. And you will need to choose a phone system that supports all the features your business requires.

Managing all of those factors while keeping costs down can be a huge challenge, but BuyerZone can help. This Buyer's Guide will help you understand the types of decisions you need to make, how to choose a business telephone system, and how to find a phone system dealer.

There are three major types of commercial phone systems on the market today: key systems, Private Branch Exchange (PBX) systems, and KSU-less phones. The type of system you choose will depend on how many stations (extensions) you need and what features you require.

A fourth type of phone system uses Voice over IP (VoIP) technology to route your internal calls over data networks, instead of traditional phone lines. For some businesses, VoIP systems can provide significant cost savings and other benefits.

Table of Contents

• Phone System Intro
• Types of Phone Systems
• Sizing a Phone System
• Basic Telephone System Features
• CTI & Advanced Features
• Office Phones Dealers
• Office Telephones Pricing
• Buying Tips
• Find a dealer

Read more in our VoIP Phone Systems Buyer's Guide.

PBX and key systems

If your company has more than 40 employees, or if you demand advanced functionality from your phones, PBX systems are often the best solution. You may know PBX systems as the massive telecom cabinets used by huge companies. While that still can be the case for large installations, the technology has progressed to the point where a powerful PBX for a small company can sit unobtrusively on a desk.

Most come standard with all the features you might want. In addition, they are totally programmable, so they can support the most complex implementations. You will likely pay a premium for this flexibility, but in many cases the price difference between PBX systems and less adaptable solutions will be smaller than you might expect.

New phone now is a desktop fax service machine, printer, scanner and copier complete with tri-band GSM connectivity! Designed for people who have to send fax to email service no matter where they are, its novel combination of last-century's tech with this century's.

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In the 5 to 40 employee range, key systems are more typical. This type of phone system uses a central control device called the key system unit (KSU) to provide features that are not available with ordinary phones. For example, a central unit typically allows users to make calls to another in-office extension, and prevents other users from accidentally picking up a line that is being used. Modern key systems also come standard with most features a business would expect - but in some cases they are less customizable.

While there are technical differences between key and PBX systems, the distinctions to a user have become relatively blurred. Many key systems include features that were once available only on PBXs, and some systems operate internally as either a key or a PBX depending on the software that is installed. The term "hybrid" is often used to describe systems that resemble both key and PBX systems.

Both key and PBX telephone systems require professional installation and maintenance. All outside telephone lines must connect to the KSU or PBX cabinet, as well as all inside extensions. Unfortunately, configuring and wiring these phone systems can be nearly as costly as the phones themselves. You will almost always be able to use existing phone wiring, but unless the phones you have are relatively new, they may not be compatible with the central unit and you will need to purchase new telephone handsets.

KSU-less systems

If your company has fewer than 10 employees, you may be able to meet your telephone needs with a KSU-less system. For a much lower initial investment, KSU-less phones are designed to provide many of the features of a small business phone system in a decentralized manner. The phones themselves contain all the necessary technology, eliminating the need for a central cabinet.

KSU-less systems, sometimes referred to as 2- or 4-line phones, are not permanently wired into your office. These phones can easily be unplugged and moved to a new location or sold. This allows you to treat them like any other business machine, rather than as a permanent investment in your premises.

Make sure any KSU-less system you are considering is compatible with the telephone wiring used in your office, as well as accessories such as answering machines and modems. They're more susceptible to "crosstalk," a problem in which separate conversations bleed into each other.

The most significant drawback of these phones is that they're not expandable. If your business grows and you want to add another phone line, you're out of luck. With key systems dropping so far in price, KSU-less systems present more risk than they are worth for most businesses.

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